SCOPE AND POLICY OF GLYCOBIOLOGY

Glycobiology provides for the publication of full-length papers describing original research relating to the structure/function of glycans in the broadest sense. Any paper providing novel information about the biological significance of glycans or glycosylation is appropriate. This includes, but is not exclusive of, studies pertaining to glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, free oligosaccharides, lectins, glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, or enzymes of complex saccharide metabolism. In addition, papers describing novel methods that contribute meaningfully to the field will be considered.

The primary criterion for acceptance is scientific quality. Papers should avoid excessive use of abbreviations or jargon and should be intelligible to as wide an audience as possible. Particular attention should be paid to the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion sections, which should clearly draw attention to the novelty and significance of the data reported. Failure to do this may result in delays in publication or rejection of the paper.

Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Ronald L. Schnaar, Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, 324 WBSB, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Phone: 410-955-8392; fax: 410-955-4900; e-mail:Glycobiology.

Associate Editors
Prof. Tony Bacic, Director, Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Phone: 61 3 8344 5041; fax: 61 3 9347 1071; e-mail: Tony Bacic.

Dr. Anne Imberty, CERMAV-CNRS, Department of Molecular Glycobiology, 601, rue de la Chimie, Grenoble F-38041, cedex 09, France. Phone: 33 476 03 76 36; fax: 33 476 54 72 03; e-mail: Anne Dell.

Dr. Reiji Kannagi, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan. Phone: 81-52-762-6111; fax: 81-52-764-2973; e-mail: Reiji Kannagi.

Prof. Ulf Lindahl, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Uppsala University, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Phone: 46-18-471-4196; fax: 46-18-471-4209; e-mail: Ulf Lindahl.

Prof. Sam Turco, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, MN602, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Phone: 859-323-6693; fax: 859-323-1037; e-mail: Sam Turco.

Associate Editor for Reviews
Dr. Mark A. Lehrman, Department of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA. Phone: 212-645-6172; fax: 212-645-6131; e-mail: Mark Lehrman.

REVIEWS

Reviews are published by invitation only. However, a proposal for a Review may be submitted in the form of a brief letter to the Associate Editor for Reviews at any time. The letter should state the topics and authors of the proposed review, and should state why the topic is of particular interest to the field.

COMMUNICATIONS

Communications are brief articles published in a special section at the front of Glycobiology. They are a mechanism for rapid publication of timely findings having significant impact for investigators in the field, and they must represent complete works rather than preliminary findings. Communications should be submitted online by choosing "Communication" in the pull-down menu on the Manuscript Details page. Manuscripts submitted for consideration as Communications should conform to the format of printed articles but are limited to four printed pages or fewer in overall length, including figures.

Submissions should be limited to 4,000 words, including Abstract, Introduction, Results, Discussion (or combined Results and discussion section), Materials and methods, References, and Legends to figures. Please indicate the word count on your title page. Authors may submit a maximum of 4 figures and/or tables. Communications that do not conform to these guidelines will be returned for modification.

GLYCO-FORUM SECTION

The journal will publish meeting announcements and news items relevant to the field. In addition, letters discussing controversial or newsworthy items of interest to glycobiologists will be considered for publication. Suggestions for material to be included in this section are welcomed from the readership. Suggestions or letters should be sent via e-mail directly to the Editor-in-Chief. Please include phone and fax numbers.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

At the point of submission, Glycobiology policy requires that each author reveal any financial interests or connections, direct or indirect, or other situations that might raise the question of bias in the work reported or the conclusions, implications, or opinions stated—including pertinent commercial or other sources of funding for the individual author(s) or for the associated department(s) or organization(s), personal relationships, or direct academic competition. When considering whether you should declare a conflicting interest or connection please consider the conflict of interest test: Is there any arrangement that would embarrass you or any of your co-authors if it was to emerge after publication and you had not declared it?

As an integral part of the online submission process, Corresponding authors are required to confirm whether they or their co-authors have any conflicts of interest to declare, and to provide details of these. If the Corresponding author is unable to confirm this information on behalf of all co-authors, the authors in question will then be required to submit a completed Conflict of Interest form, available on the Information for Authors page, to the Editorial Office. It is the Corresponding author’s responsibility to ensure that all authors adhere to this policy.

If the manuscript is accepted, Conflict of Interest information will be communicated in a statement in the published paper.

PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS

Manuscripts should be in their final form when they are submitted, so that proofs require only correction of typographical errors. Charges may apply for extensive changes to proofs. All parts of the manuscript (except figures) should be double-spaced throughout and should be in a word-processing file. Please note: This journal does not accept Microsoft Word 2007 documents at this time. Please use Word's "Save As" option to save your document as an older (.doc) file type.

Sections of the manuscript
Manuscripts should be subdivided into the following sequence of sections:

• Title page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Results
• Discussion
• Materials and methods
• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• References
• Legends to figures
• Footnotes
• Tables

Length of manuscript
While papers may be of any length required for the concise presentation and discussion of the data, succinct and carefully prepared papers are favored both in terms of impact as well as in readability.

General format
All sections of the manuscript must be double-spaced (space between lines of type not less than 6 mm). Margins of 25 mm (1 inch) should be left at the sides, top, and bottom of each page. Number each page centered at the bottom (Title Page is 1). Please avoid use of footnotes; use instead, and as sparingly as possible, parenthesis within brackets. Underline only words or letters to appear underscored; italicize words and letters to appear in italics. Clearly identify unusual or handwritten symbols and Greek letters. Differentiate between the letter O and zero, and the letters I and l and the number 1. Each table and figure must be called out in the text.

Title page
The title should be short, specific, and informative. The first name, initial(s), and surname of each author should be followed by his or her department, institution, city with postal code, and country. Fax number and phone number of the corresponding author should also be provided, as well as an e-mail address. Any changes of address may be given in numbered footnotes. The author to whom proofs and reprints should be addressed should be indicated. Please provide a running title of not more than 60 characters. If the submission includes supplementary data (see below) indicate this on the title page and list the supplementary data items submitted.

Key words
Up to five key words, which may or may not appear in the title, should be given in alphabetical order, below the title, each separated by a slash (/). In addition to being printed with the article, these key words, together with the title, form the sole basis of the annual Subject Index. Thus, please give them careful consideration.

Abstract
The second page of every manuscript must contain only the Abstract, which should not exceed 250 words. The Abstract should be comprehensible to readers before they have read the paper, and abbreviations and reference citations should be avoided. It is essential that the Abstract clearly states the biological importance of the work described in the paper.

Acknowledgments
These should be included at the end of the text and not in footnotes. Personal acknowledgments should precede those of institutions or agencies.

References
This journal follows The Scientific Style and Format: The Council of Science Editors Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (7th ed.) as a guide for style and citation. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. Published articles and those in press (state the journal which has accepted them and enclose a copy of the manuscript) may be included. In the text a reference should be cited by author and date. Not more than two authors may be cited per reference; if there are more than two authors, use et al in the in-text parenthetical citation. At the end of the manuscript the citations should be typed in alphabetical order, with the authors' surnames preceding initials. References should include, in the following order: authors' names, year, complete title of the article, journal title, volume number, inclusive page numbers, and (for books only) name and address of publisher. The name of the journal should be italicized and abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals. References will appear in type as below:

• Dell A. 1987. FAB-mass spectrometry of carbohydrates. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem. 45(2):19-72.
• Kobata A, Mizuochi T, Endo T, Furukawa K. 1989. Function and pathology of the sugar chains of human immunoglobulin G. In: Bock G, Harnett S, editors. Carbohydrate recognition in cellular function. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons. p. 224-240.
• Lennarz WJ. 1980. The biochemistry of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Plenum Press.

Personal communications (J Jones, personal communication) must be authorized in writing by those involved, and unpublished data should be cited as (unpublished data). Both should be used as sparingly as possible and only when the unpublished data referred to is peripheral rather than central to the topic under discussion. References to manuscripts in preparation or submitted, but not yet accepted, should be cited in the text as (B Jones and L Smith, in preparation) and should NOT be included in the list of references.

Tables
Tables should be typed on separate sheets and numbered consecutively with Roman numerals. Tables should be self-explanatory and include a brief descriptive title. Footnotes to tables indicated by lowercase letters are acceptable, but they should not include extensive experimental detail. Tables must be called out in the text.

Illustrations
Wherever possible figures should be submitted in their desired final size, to fit the width of a single column of text (i.e., 88 mm wide). Double-column figures should be avoided, but if used they should be 180 mm maximum width. Any lettering should be approximately 2 mm in height and should be in proportion to the overall dimensions of the drawing. The captions for figures should be typed on a separate sheet of paper, and figures must be called out in the text.

Please consult our online submission guidelines for instructions on preparing illustrations for online submission and review. Final files must be submitted at or before acceptance according to the following guidelines. Save figure files in TIFF or EPS format, using CMYK colors, with fonts embedded. For EPS submissions, please use the following fonts only: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Helvetica, and Symbol. Upon acceptance, submission of figures as hard copy is also acceptable.

Halftone illustrations, photographs. These should be of sufficiently high quality with respect to detail, contrast, and fineness of grain to withstand the inevitable loss of contrast and detail inherent in the printing process. Please indicate the magnification by a bar on the photograph. These illustrations must have a resolution of at least 300 dots per inch at their final size.

Line drawings. These should have clear and sharp lines. No additional artwork, redrawing, or typesetting will be done. Therefore, all labeling should be done on the original line drawing. Faint shading and stippling will be lost upon reproduction and should be avoided. Line drawings must have a resolution of at least 1200 dots per inch at their final size.

Figure legends. These should be on a separate, numbered manuscript sheet. Define all symbols and abbreviations used in the figure. Figures and legends should be intelligible without reading the text of the manuscript.

Conventions
In general, the journal follows the conventions of the CSE Style Manual (Council of Science Editors, Reston, VA, 2006, 7th ed.). Follow Chemical Abstracts and its indexes for chemical names. For guidance in the case of biochemical terminology, follow the recommendations issued by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, as given in Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, published by the Biochemical Society, UK. For enzymes, use the recommended name and EC number assigned by the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, 1978, as given in Enzyme Nomenclature, published by Academic Press, New York, 1980. Genotypes should be italicized; phenotypes should not be italicized. For bacterial genetics nomenclature, follow Demerc et al. 1966. Genetics. 54:61-76.

Abbreviations
Try to restrict the use of abbreviations to SI symbols and those recommended by the IUPAC. Abbreviations should be defined and listed on a separate page together with the Footnotes. Standard units of measurement and chemical symbols of elements may be used without definition in the body of the paper. Acronyms formed from phrases are unacceptable.

Funding
Details of all funding sources for the work in question should be given in a separate section entitled 'Funding'. This should appear before the 'Acknowledgements' section.

The following rules should be followed:

• The sentence should begin: ‘This work was supported by …’
• The full official funding agency name should be given, i.e. ‘National Institutes of Health’, not ‘NIH’ (full RIN-approved list of UK funding agencies) Grant numbers should be given in brackets as follows: ‘[grant number xxxx]’
• Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma as follows: ‘[grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]’
• Agencies should be separated by a semi-colon (plus ‘and’ before the last funding agency)
• Where individuals need to be specified for certain sources of funding the following text should be added after the relevant agency or grant number 'to [author initials]'.

An example is given here: ‘This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [AA123456 to C.S., BB765432 to M.H.]; and the Alcohol & Education Research Council [hfygr667789].’

Language Editing
Particularly if English is not your first language, before submitting your manuscript you may wish to have it edited for language. This is not a mandatory step, but may help to ensure that the academic content of your paper is fully understood by journal editors and reviewers. Language editing does not guarantee that your manuscript will be accepted for publication. If you would like information about one such service please click here. There are other specialist language editing companies that offer similar services and you can also use any of these. Authors are liable for all costs associated with such services.

SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS

Authors should submit manuscripts electronically at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/glyco.

Submission of a paper implies that it reports unpublished work and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. If previously published tables, illustrations, or more than 200 words of text are to be included, then the copyright holder's written permission must be obtained. Copies of any such permission letters should be faxed to Oxford University Press, Glycobiology, at 919-677-1714 immediately upon the paper's acceptance, referencing the manuscript number assigned by the online submission Web site.

Preparing the files

• When preparing your final files, please present all sections of the paper in a single word-processing file, excluding illustrations. If necessary, tables may be placed in a separate word-processing file.
• When creating and/or editing your manuscript, use the document mode (or equivalent) in the word-processor program.
• Type the title, authors, and affiliations in the journal style (i.e., in upper and lowercase), with bold font for the title and authors.
• The text should be typed unjustified, without hyphenation (except for compound words) and at double line spacing.
• Headings should be typed as follows: main (section) headings in bold upper and lowercase; subheadings in italic upper and lowercase letters with the text beginning on the next line; sub-subheadings in italic upper and lowercase letters with the text continued on the same line.
• Indexing flags should not be included in the text.
• Enter only one space at the end of sentences and after commas, semicolons, and colons. No space should be inserted before these punctuation marks.
• Switch off automatic page-numbering. Label the hard copies by hand at the bottom of each page.
• Do not use lowercase l (ell) for 1 (one) or O for 0 (zero). These may look interchangeable but they have different electronic values.
• Check the final copy of your paper carefully because spelling mistakes, inconsistencies, and errors will be faithfully translated into the typeset copy.

COLOR FIGURES

Glycobiology is happy to announce the launch of the Flexible Color Option, beginning for all articles accepted after July 1, 2007. All figures submitted to the journal in color will be published in color online at no cost (unless the author specifically requests that their figures be in black and white online). Authors may choose to also publish their figures in color in the print journal for $460 per figure: you will be asked to approve this cost in an e-mail after your article is accepted for publication. Color figures must have a resolution of at least 300 dots per inch at their final size. You will be issued an invoice at the time of publication. Orders from the UK will be subject to a 17.5% VAT charge. For orders from elsewhere in the EU you or your institution should account for VAT by way of a reverse charge.  Please provide us with your or your institution’s VAT number.

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Supplementary data can be made available by the publisher as online-only content linked to the online manuscript.

Definition
Supplementary data is supporting material that cannot be included in the printed version for reasons of space and is not essential for inclusion in the full text of the manuscript but would nevertheless benefit the reader. It should not be essential to understanding the conclusions of the paper but should contain data that is additional or complementary and directly relevant to the article content.

Examples
More detailed methods, extended data sets/data analysis, tables, or additional figures (including color).

Process
All material to be considered as supplementary data must be submitted at the same time as the main manuscript for peer review. Please indicate clearly the material intended as supplementary data upon submission. On the Title Page of the submitted manuscript indicate that supplementary data is included and list the items. Also ensure that the supplementary data is referred to in the main manuscript at an appropriate point in the text. It must be supplied to the production department with the article for publication, not at a later date. It cannot be altered or replaced after the paper has been accepted for publication.

Files for supplementary data should be clearly marked as such and be accompanied by a summary of the file names and types.

Please note that supplementary data will not be copyedited, so ensure that it is clearly and succinctly presented and that the style of terms conforms with the rest of the paper. Also ensure that the presentation will work on any Internet browser.

Acceptable formats
A maximum of 5 files is acceptable to make up the supplementary data unit for an article. The maximum size per file should not exceed 2 MB (though text files should be a great deal smaller), and files must be as small as possible so that they can be downloaded quickly. An HTML index page is usually created to link the supplementary data file(s) to the article. Please provide short (2-4 word) titles for each individual file---these will be used to create links to the files from the index page.

Recommendations

1. Pick a common cross-platform (PC, Mac, Linux/UNIX, etc.) format for your supplementary data to allow the greatest access for your readers.

2. Provide text files in portable document format (.pdf), Microsoft Word (.doc), HTML (.html), or rich text format (.rtf). Files supplied in Word or RTF may be used to create a PDF file.

3. Provide spreadsheet files in Microsoft Excel (.xls) or CSV (.csv) format.

4. Provide image files as tagged image format (.tif), graphic image format (.gif), or JPEG (.jpg). Images should be a maximum size of 640 x 480 pixels (9 x 6.8 inches at 72 pixels per inch).

5. The most commonly accessible format for audio clips is .mp3. Though not recommended, QuickTime, RealMedia, and Windows Media file formats are also acceptable.

6. The preferred and most common format for movie clips is MPEG Movie (.mpg), though QuickTime Video (.mov) and Microsoft AVI Video (.avi) formats are also acceptable.

If you require further help or information regarding submission or preparation of supplementary data, please contact the production editor for Glycobiology.

DEPOSITION OF SEQUENCE OR STRUCTURAL DATA

Publication in Glycobiology implies an obligation on the part of the authors to deposit any novel nucleic acid or protein sequence data referred to in their papers in a public domain data library.

OFFPRINTS

The journal will provide a URL to authors for free access to the published version of the article. Offprint order forms are sent out with the proofs, and must be returned with the proofs to Oxford University Press. Late orders submitted after the journal is printed (reprints) are subject to increased prices. You will be issued an invoice at the time of publication. Orders from the UK will be subject to a 17.5% VAT charge. For orders from elsewhere in the EU you or your institution should account for VAT by way of a reverse charge.  Please provide us with your or your institution’s VAT number.

COPYRIGHT

It is a condition of publication in the journal that authors grant an exclusive license to Oxford University Press. This ensures that requests from third parties to reproduce articles are handled efficiently and consistently and will also allow the article to be disseminated as widely as possible. As part of the license agreement, authors may use their own material in other publications, provided that the journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication and Oxford University Press is acknowledged as the publisher. The copyright license form is available in the Instructions and forms section of the online submission Web site and should be signed and submitted immediately upon acceptance.

OPEN ACCESS OPTION FOR AUTHORS

Starting in July 2005, Glycobiology authors have the option, at an additional charge, to make their paper freely available online immediately upon publication, under the Oxford Open initiative. After your manuscript is accepted, as part of the mandatory license form required of all corresponding authors, you will be asked to indicate whether or not you wish to pay to have your paper made freely available immediately. If you do not select the Open Access option, your paper will be published with standard subscription-based access and you will not incur additional charges.

For those selecting the Open Access option, the charges for Glycobiology vary depending on the institution at which the corresponding author is based:

Optional Oxford Open charges:
For a corresponding author based at an institution with an online subscription to Glycobiology:

• Regular charge - £900 / $1800 / €1350
  
• List B developing country charge** - £450 / $900 / €675
  
• List A developing country charge** - £0 / $0 / €0
  

For a corresponding author based at an institution that does not subscribe to the online journal:

• Regular charge - £1500 / $3000 / €2250
  
  
• List B developing country charge** - £750 / $1500 / €1125
• List A developing country charge** - £0 /$0 / €0
  

*Visit http://www.oxfordjournals.org/jnls/devel/ for list of qualifying countries.

The above Open Access charges are in addition to any page charges and color charges that might apply. You will be issued an invoice at the time of publication. Orders from the UK will be subject to a 17.5% VAT charge. For orders from elsewhere in the EU you or your institution should account for VAT by way of a reverse charge.  Please provide us with your or your institution’s VAT number.

If you choose the Open Access option you will also be asked to complete an Open Access charge form online. You will be automatically directed to the appropriate version of the form depending on whether you are based at an institution with an online subscription to Glycobiology. Therefore please make sure that you are using an institutional computer when accessing the form. To check whether you are based at a subscribing institution please use the Subscriber Test link for Glycobiology.

Please see these guidelines for reuse of Oxford Open content.

POLICY CONCERNING AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS

It is understood that by publishing a paper in Glycobiology the authors agree to make freely available to colleagues in academic (nonprofit) research any of the cells, nucleic acids, antibodies, etc., that are not available from commercial suppliers and are required to substantiate the scientific conclusions of the paper.

AUTHOR SELF-ARCHIVING/PUBLIC ACCESS POLICY FROM MAY 2005

For information about this journal's policy, please visit our Author Self-Archiving policy page.

REVIEW OF MANUSCRIPTS

Manuscripts submitted should be fully documented, high-quality, original research papers. If the Editors consider a manuscript unsuitable for the scope and content of the journal, a statement explaining the basis for the decision will be returned within a few days of submission. Otherwise, every paper is independently reviewed by at least two experts in the field. Decision for publication, amendment, or rejection is based upon their reports. On the average, decisions are reached within 4 weeks of the receipt of the paper.

REVISION OF MANUSCRIPTS

When a manuscript is returned to authors for revision prior to final acceptance, the revised version must be submitted within 6 months of the author's receipt of the referees' reports. Revised manuscripts returned after 6 months will be considered as new submissions subject to re-review.

SPEED OF PUBLICATION

Upon acceptance of a manuscript, the PDF submitted for review will be rapidly published electronically, ahead of the final print version, in the Glycobiology Advance Access section of the journal's Web site. Every effort will be made to publish papers within 4 months of their receipt. At all stages, in order to avoid delays, maximum use is made of telephone, fax, and e-mail.

PAGE CHARGES

A page charge of $75 per published page will be levied for all papers. This rate is effective beginning with issue 17(10) (effectively, articles accepted for publication after July 1, 2007). Authors will receive a form with their page proofs showing the page charge and offprint prices. Page charges may be waived at the discretion of the editors in cases in which research funds are not available. At the time their paper is submitted, authors in this situation must provide written documentation specifying the reasons for their inability to pay and requesting a waiver of the page charges. No paper will be rejected due to a lack of funds, but publication may be delayed if page charges are not paid when a waiver is not requested. A two-page publication charge agreement form detailing publication costs is available in the Instructions and forms section of the online submission Web site; this form must be signed and submitted immediately upon acceptance. You will be issued an invoice for all charges (page charges, offprint/issue orders, and color figure charges) at the time of publication. Orders from the UK will be subject to a 17.5% VAT charge. For orders from elsewhere in the EU you or your institution should account for VAT by way of a reverse charge.  Please provide us with your or your institution’s VAT number.

PROOFS

Authors are sent page proofs. To avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately for typographical errors and returned within 48 hours by fax or express to the publishers by express (special delivery) post to Oxford University Press, Glycobiology, 2001 Evans Rd., Cary, NC 27513, USA. Alternatively, to save time, minor corrections may be sent by fax to 919-677-1714. Essential changes of an extensive nature may be made only by insertion of a Note added in proof. A charge will be made to authors who insist on amendment within the text at the page-proof stage. Excessive alterations may delay publication of the article to a subsequent issue.

PERMISSIONS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS AND FIGURES

Permission to reproduce copyright material, for print and online publication in perpetuity, must be cleared and if necessary paid for by the author; this includes applications and payments to DACS, ARS, and similar licensing agencies where appropriate. Evidence in writing that such permissions have been secured from the rights-holder must be made available to the editors. It is also the author's responsibility to include acknowledgements as stipulated by the particular institutions. Oxford Journals can offer information and documentation to assist authors in securing print and online permissions: please see the Guidelines for Authors section. Information on permissions contacts for a number of main galleries and museums can also be provided. Should you require copies of this, please contact the editorial office of the journal in question or the Oxford Journals Rights department.