A century of publishing for Oxford Journals
This year, Oxford University Press is celebrating its centenary as a publisher of learned journals. In 1906, OUP first began a journals publishing programme, with the inaugural issue of Quarterly Journal of Medicine (QJM) appearing in print the following year. QJM, under the guiding hand of renowned physician and medical researcher, Sir William Osler, is acknowledged as being the first major medical publication by the Press, which now publishes over 1800 Medical textbooks and 40 medical journals.
Read more about the history of journals publishing at OUP
100 seminal papers from Oxford Journals
To celebrate this significant milestone for Oxford Journals, we are publishing a collection of 100 seminal papers from many of our 180 journals. Editors were asked to nominate what they felt to be important papers from their journals, selecting papers that had made a significant impact in a particular field, that had changed perceptions, were the most highly cited articles, or that were recognised as simply outstanding pieces of research.
Nominations were then compiled by a board of internal Oxford Journals staff to create the final collection.
Access the collection
Find a full list of the 100 articles in the Oxford Journals collection below, along with free access to the journal articles, and a short summary of why each was considered significant.
African Affairs
Alcohol and Alcoholism
American Journal of Epidemiology
Annals of Botany
Annals of Occupational Hygiene
Annals of Oncology
Behavioral Ecology
Bioinformatics
Brain
British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
British Journal of Social Work
British Medical Bulletin
Cambridge Journal of Economics
Cambridge Quarterly
Carcinogenesis
Cerebral Cortex
Chinese Journal of International Law
Early Music
English Historical Review
Enterprise & Society
European Heart Journal
European Journal of International Law
European Review of Agricultural Economics
Health Education Research
Health Promotion International
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
Human Reproduction
Human Rights Law Review
IMA Journal of Mathematical Medicine and Biology
Industrial and Corporate Change
International Journal of Constitutional Law
International Journal of Epidemiology
International Journal of Public Opinion Research
International Relations of the Asia Pacific
Journal of African Economies
Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
Journal of Economic Geography
Journal of Journal of Environmental Law
Journal of Financial Econometrics
Jnl of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences
Journal of International Criminal Justice
Journal of Molluscan Studies
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Journal of Pediatric Psychology
Journal of Petrology
Journal of Plankton Research
Journal of Refugee Studies
Journal of Semantics
Mind
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Mutagenesis
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Notes and Queries
Nucleic Acids Research
Philosophia Mathematica
Political Analysis
Quarterly Jnl of Mechanics & Applied Mathematics
Refugee Survey Quarterly
Review of Financial Studies
Rheumatology
Socio-Economic Review
Social Science Japan Journal
African Affairs
Jean-François Bayart
Africa in the world: a history of extraversion (2000)
Bayart’s article is a most original contribution. He does not so much summarise existing literature as launch a bold and controversial new hypothesis concerning the long-term 'extraversion' of African politics, or in other words the existence of a long-term dependency on external forces that forms a two-way relationship. This essay was commissioned as one of those for the Centenary issue of African Affairs.
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African Affairs
Bruce Berman
Ethnicity, patronage and the African state (1998)
Berman's article is a marvellously subtle and lucid exposition of ethnicity - one of the most fraught subjects in Africa. It is arguably the best single article on the subject of ethnicity in Africa in existence, summarising a large corpus of expert scholarship. Eight years after publication, it is a must for any reading list on this subject.
ABSTRACT PDF
Alcohol and Alcoholism
Cook, CCH et al
B-Vitamin Deficiency and Neuro-Psychiatric Syndromes in Alcohol Misuse (1998)
When this paper appeared in print, it prompted Professor Griffith Edwards to write a personal letter to Professor Cook saying that the paper was an excellent contribution and one of the best reviews that he had seen on WKS! Praise indeed from the Editor of a rival journal! The paper has prompted widespread discussion about the unresolved problems and has begun to change clinical practice. It has stimulated correspondence from around the world e.g. Agabio (2005) Alcohol and Alcoholism 40,155-156 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS REPORT ON ALCOHOL; GUIDELINES FOR MAMAGING WERNCIKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VOL 37, No6 513-521, 2002. Additionally, the authors included Professors Cook, Touquet and Henry from different disciplines and was in the top 10 Full-text PDF articles requested and a number of citations were made.
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American Journal of Epidemiology
Kenneth J. Rothman
Causes (1995)
Editorial to follow
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American Journal of Epidemiology
George B. Comstock
An Epidemiologic Study of Blood Pressure Levels in a Biracial Community in the Southern United States (1995)
Editorial to follow
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Annals of Botany
Michael D. Bennett, Ilia J. Leitch, H. James Price, and J. Spencer Johnston
Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (100 Mb) and Drosophila (175 Mb)
Using Flow Cytometry Show Genome Size in Arabidopsis to be 157 Mb and thus 25 %
Larger than the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative Estimate of 125 Mb (2003)
The activities of plants form the basis of terrestrial life on Earth by supplying almost all its nutrients, much of its oxygen and by stabilizing soil and climate. These abilities, powered by energy capture from the sun, are encoded in the DNA of nuclear genes. Nuclear DNA is thus a plant's most fundamental feature. Bennett et al are the first to quantify it accurately in Arabidopsis thaliana, the species most widely used to study gene activity in plants. The amount of nuclear DNA is found to correlate closely with a wide range of key features such as cell size, mass and rates of development when many species are compared.
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Annals of Occupational Hygiene
John T. Hodgson and Andrew Darnton
The Quantitative Risks of Mesothelioma and Lung Cancer in Relation to Asbestos Exposure (2000)
This is a comprehensive critical review of the literature of the complex relationship between three major asbestos types and the two major diseases that they cause. It has been used by HSE and other agencies internationally in setting standards. ISI Web of Science records 58 citations so far, a very high number for this field. It is clear that this will be seen as a landmark paper in the subject. An interesting feature is that whereas most papers have a burst of downloads when they are published, followed by a slow decline, this paper is being downloaded more and more. The most recent three months was the highest three-month total since it was published.
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Annals of Oncology
Normanno N, Campiglio M, De Luca A et al.
Cooperative inhibitory effect of ZD1839 (Iressa) in combination with trastuzumab (Herceptin) on human breast cancer cell growth (2002)
Normanno et al. is a lab-based study that asked what happens to breast cancer cells when they are treated with two novel biological therapies, an enzyme inhibitor binding to a cellular receptor and a monoclonal antibody binding to a separate but related cellular receptor. What makes this noteworthy? The problem is serious: breast cancer continues to kill. It uses emerging biological therapies based on our improved understanding of cancer biology and it harnesses them to one of the prevailing principles of cancer therapy, the combination of chemotherapeutic agents. And it worked! As the title tells us, the combination of these therapies resulted in synergistic inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell growth. This encouraged clinical trials and a wide range of preclinical studies combining novel biotherapeutic agents. The paper has been widely cited and, incidentally, it was the first original article published in Annals of Oncology after its move to Oxford University Press in 2002.
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Annals of Oncology
Boyle P, d'Onofrio A, Maisonneuve P et al.
Measuring progress against cancer in Europe: has the 15% decline targeted for 2000 come about? (2003)
Editorial to follow
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Behavioral Ecology
Pemberton JM, Albon SD, Guinness FE, Clutton-Brock TH, Dover GA
Behavioral estimates of male mating success tested by DNA fingerprinting in a polygynous mammal.(1992)
A landmark application of a new technique that, by demonstrating correlations between behavioural and genetic estimates of male parentage in red deer, provided support for sexual selection theory and successfully helped cement the union of observational and molecular approaches in behavioural ecology
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Behavioral Ecology
Westneat DF, Sherman PW
Parentage and the evolution of parental behavior (1993)
A highly-cited paper presenting an original and very influential set of models to explain how parents should adjust their parental behaviour in the face of mixed parentage of their offspring, so helping unite the study of parental behaviour with the study of mating systems
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Bioinformatics
Andrade MA, Valencia A.
Automatic extraction of keywords from scientific text: application to the knowledge domain of protein families (1998)
The large Natural Language Processing community addresses the extraction of information from written text with the development of methods and systems. The history of text mining in molecular biology is shorter, and this paper, published in 1997, is the inaugural publication of what has become one of the more active areas of Bioinformatics. The paper addressed the automatic annotation of the function of protein families using information extracted from abstracts. The authors addressed problems that are now central for research in this area, including identification of gene and protein names; association of functions to protein classes and its classification in ontologies; evaluation of large scale text mining results; and the discussion of how to deliver text mining systems to the general user community and to database curators.
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Bioinformatics
Posada D, Crandall KA
MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution (1998)
As phylogenies are becoming more broadly used across a variety of disciplines to provide a comparative framework for studies from infectious diseases to genomics, the accuracy of such phylogeny estimates requires more sophisticated approaches. Central to the accuracy of such estimates is the model of evolution assumed. MODELTEST allows a statistical approach to choose from a range of models of evolution. MODELTEST is a very highly used and cited piece of software for two main reasons. First, it has this valuable functionality in terms of helping users select from a variety of possible models of evolution for performing phylogenetic analyses. Second, it combines this sophistication with ease of use. As a cross platform (Apple, Windows, Unix) piece of software, it is available to a broad array of users coupled with a straightforward menu interface. It continues to be a highly cited, highly used, and highly useful piece of software.
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Brain
(Sir) Gordon Holmes.
The symptoms of acute cerebellar injuries due to gunshot injuries (1917)
Editorial to follow
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Brain
Norman Geschwind.
Disconnection syndromes in animals and man (1965)
Editorial to follow
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British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
Earman and Norton
What Price Substantivalism? The Hole Story (1987)
Editorial to follow
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British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
Ellie Zahar
Why Did Einstein's Programme Supercede Lorentz's (1973)
Comprehensive analysis of a hugely significant episode in the history of physics with profound implications for our understanding of the methodology of science.
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British Journal of Social Work
Hardman, Karen L. J.
Social workers' attitudes to lesbian clients (1997)
The author is a British practitioner-researcher and was still a registered research student at the time of submitting this article. The study shows what a lone researcher, based in practice, still at a very early stage of research development, can achieve if he or she is sufficiently committed and courageous. The findings are hard-hitting and show social workers in influential positions where they make important decisions in the lives of children and families, holding sometimes intolerant and one might say intolerable ideas. As well as being chastening and challenging, the paper is also multi-methodological, showing that social workers can embrace a range of research methods and tackle statistics confidently.
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British Journal of Social Work
Cohen, Marcia B. and Garrett, Kendra J
Breaking the rules: a group work perspective on focus group research (1999)
This paper, by established American academic authors, is a rare example of social workers writing about research methods and an even rarer example of social work addressing the rest of the social sciences. It utilises social work practice knowledge to critique and develop a standard research technique, moving it on considerably in the process. It is sensitively and wisely written and deserves to be more widely known.
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British Medical Bulletin
COLLINS, R; MACMAHON, S
Blood-Pressure, Antihypertensive Drug-Treatment and the Risks of Stroke and of Coronary Heart-Disease (1994)
This review from the Oxford MRC Clinical Trials Service Unit set the standard at the time for an exploration of the studies relating blood pressure to coronary heart disease and stroke. The authors brought together and reviewed the observational studies showing the degree to which blood pressure was a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. As a separate exercise they then reviewed the evidence that modifying hypertension could have an impact on the natural history of those diseases. This neat juxtaposition led the review to be heavilty cited over the following years. Both authors were heavily involved in a wide range of cardiovascular epidemiological studies at the time which had a major impact on the understanding of cardiovascular risk factors; work that they have continued with for many years.
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Cambridge Journal of Economics
Sebastiano Brusco
The Emilian model: productive decentralisation and social integration (1982)
Editorial to follow
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Cambridge Journal of Economics
Chris Freeman
The "National System of Innovation" in historical perspective (1995)
Editorial to follow
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Cambridge Quarterly
Ian Robinson
Religious English (1967)
‘Religious English’, written as churches in England and elsewhere were abandoning the Authorised or ‘King James’ translation of the Bible for translations ostensibly more modern and ‘relevant’, suggested that the innovation entailed a loss of clear meaning and of spiritual force
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Cambridge Quarterly
Piotr Kuhivchak
Buried in Translation (2002)
The article shows how the inadequate translation of factual information encoded in language can bias the interpretation of historical events in a much wider context. The Cambridge Quarterly is primarily a journal of literary criticism, but this demonstrates the value of literary critical techniques for the analysis of matters not evidently literary
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Carcinogenesis
Franco, S. et al.
Effectors of mammalian telomere dysfunction: a comparative transcriptome analysis using mouse models (2005)
Maintenance of chromosomal telomeres is essential for stem cell survival. Telomeric dysfunction activates the p53 stress response network to cause cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and chromosomal instability. Key reports and reviews of telomeric maintenance and dysfunction have appeared during 2005 in Carcinogenesis. For example, Maria Blasco, a recent receipt of the Carcinogenesis Young Investigator Award, reported that “telomeric dysfunction reduces a robust compensatory response to rescue impaired germ cell function through the induction of survival signals related to the PI3-kinase pathway…” (Franco, S. et al., Carcinogenesis 26: 1613-1626, 2005). Because PI3-kinase signaling is related to organismal aging, the results from Blasco and coworkers provide novel clues to the molecular mechanisms of telomere damage-driven aging.
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Cerebral Cortex
Daniel J. Felleman and David C. Van Essen Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate (1991)
Editorial to follow
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Cerebral Cortex
Barry Kirschenbaum, Maiken Nedergaard, Axel Preuss, Kaveh Barami, Richard A. R. Fraser, and Steven A. Goldman
In vitro Neuronal Production and Differentiation by Precursor Cells Derived from the Adult Human Forebrain (1994)
Editorial to follow
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Chinese Journal of International Law
Vladimir-Djuro Degan
On the Sources of International Criminal Law (2005)
I recommended Degan's paper because it deals with important and fundamental issues, makes some good arguments with potentially lasting value, and does so in a rigorous way.
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Early Music
Christopher Page Machaut's "pupil" Deschamps on the performance of music: voices or instruments in the 14th-century chanson (1977)
Tenors and contratenors of Machaut’s polyphonic chansons had been assumed to be generally performed instrumentally in the 14th century. In the early music “revival”, this had a practical appeal in that crumhorns, viols, sackbuts and other (anachronistic) instruments were readily available and could supply these lines at written pitch, whereas singers willing and able to vocalize them were not. A close examination of some hitherto little-noticed remarks by Machaut’s pupil, Eustache Deschamps in his Art de Dictier et de Fere Chancons (1392) provided evidence that the performance of Machaut’s chansons were entirely vocal performances. This article both radically changed how we perform and listen to medieval vocal music: it is probably fair to say the international musical and academic worlds at large have changed their approach to study and performance of this music as a result.
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English Historical Review
R.B. Wernham
The Tudor Revolution in Government (1953) (1956)
By noting that G.R. Elton had failed to pay sufficient attention to what came before and what followed Thomas Cromwell's time in office, by asking whether Elton had mistaken 'administration' for 'government', and by pointing out that Elton had misunderstood the relationship between Henry VIII and his minister, R.B. Wernham courteously but incisively concluded that Elton 'may have exaggerated the supremacy and extent of Cromwell's influence no less than the novelty and revolutionary character of the administrative changes of the time.' This is a classic example of a review that deftly exposes the flaws and excesses of an important but over-ambitious book.
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English Historical Review
J.O. Prestwich King Aethelhere and the battle of the Winwaed (1968)Editorial to follow
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Enterprise & Society
Carol Turbin
Collars and consumers: changing images of American manliness and business (2000)
This is a multi-faceted study of the detachable white collar, both as a product made by women in factories and as a consumer good sold to men as a necessary fashion item for office work from the 1840s to the 1920s. The 'Arrow Man' was the visual representation of the 'New Man', and the campaign reflected emerging and changing American consumer tastes and markets, an expanding middle class, and shifts in culture, especially in new ideal images of manliness that were less class-based and which resolved social contradictions that persisted beneath the increased similarity of men of different backgrounds. The article investigates both collar as a familiar, everyday item of fashion and as a term loaded with meanings about class and masculinity.
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European Heart Journal
K. Malmberg, L. Rydén, H. Wedel, K. Birkeland, A. Bootsma, K. Dickstein, S. Efendic, M. Fisher, A. Hamsten, J. Herlitz, P. Hildebrandt, K. MacLeod, M. Laakso, C. Torp-Pedersen, and A. Waldenström
Clinical Research: Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with
diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality
and morbidity (2005)
This is the most highly accessed original article in EHJ since Oxford Journals started publishing European Heart Journal.
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European Journal of International Law
José E. Alvarez
Do Liberal States Behave Better?: A Critique of Slaughter's Liberal Theory (2001)
In the wake of the end of the Cold War liberal theories of international law, especially those invoking the theory that democratic states do not go to war against one another, assumed prominence. This article questions whether states behave so well, and challenges the assumptions made in terms of how international rule-making should proceed in the future. It argues that Treaties exclusively between parties whose governments respect human rights, the market, and periodic elections are not necessarily more likely to be characterized by 'deep' cooperation enforced via binding dispute settlement; liberal courts have ample reasons to resist (as well as to enforce) international obligations.
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European Review of Agricultural Economics
Michael Burton, Dan Rigby, Trevor Young, and Sallie James
Consumer attitudes to genetically modified organisms in food in the UK (2001)
This paper, heavily cited in a rapidly growing research area, uses what was, at the time of publication, pioneering methodology to examine food consumers' attitudes to genetically modified crops and animal food products, and to estimate by how much they would be willing to increase their expenditure on food to avoid consuming genetically modified organisms. The analysis also provides insights into consumers' preferences for local food rather than food that has travelled thousands of 'food miles', and for avoiding food risks. These remain high profile issues in the current public debate about food. This paper exemplifies the extent to which the agricultural economics research agenda has in recent years moved downstream to include topics relating to the food supply chain and consumer behaviour, an area now dominated by the agricultural economists.
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Forestry
Miller, H.G
Forest Fertilization: Some Guiding Concepts (1981)
The paper established a rational framework, based on the findings of research, that helps to understand the results from empirical trials of forest fertilization. It is widely recognised as a landmark paper by forest scientists throughout the world and as a result is one of the most cited articles ever published in Forestry
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Forestry
Gill, R.M.A
A Review of Damage by Mammals in North Temperate Forests: 1. Deer. (1992)
Robin Gill’s paper is one of three papers that reviewed the impacts of mammals on north temperate forests. This collection of information and his impressive understanding of this subject area have been widely acknowledged by scientists throughout the world
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Glycobiology
Varki, A
Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct. (1993)
A seminal review of the entire field whose basic premises remain valid 13 years later and that was cited over 2,000 times.
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Health Education Research
Butterfoss, F.D., Goodman, R.M., Wandersman, A
Community Coalitions for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (1993)
This article was the lead article in a special issue on coalitions and influenced the groundswell of thinking and applications of community-based coalitions in public health. Health Education Research printed additional copies of this special issue at the request of Federal agencies. Also, according to Google Scholar, it was the second most highly cited Health Education Research article.
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Health Promotion International
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
Without a doubt, the most outstanding contribution that Health Promotion International has made was to publish the outcomes of the first International Conference on Health Promotion held in Ottawa in November 1986. Hosted by the World Health Organization, Health and Welfare Canada and the Canadian Public Health Association, this conference and the Ottawa Charter that was developed out of it have revolutionized the practice of public health across the world. The Ottawa Charter, which was first published by HPI, is probably the most quoted global public health strategic statement - not just in academic literature and the popular press but also increasingly in government policy and legislation. Internationally it easily supercedes WHO's Alma Ata Declaration of a decade before. And the world first saw it through HPI!
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Health Promotion International
Ottawa 1986. Reports of the sub-plenary sessions: Healthy public policy, strengthening communities, creating environments conducive to health, developing personal skills, reorienting health services (1986)
See above
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Holocaust and Genocide Studies
Roger W. Smith, Eric Markusen, and Robert J. Lifton,
Professional Ethics and the Denial of the Armenian Genocide (1995)
This article presents clear evidence of the Turkish government's involvement with a prominent American academic in a campaign to minimize or deny Turkish genocide against Armenians during World War I. Specifically, it exposes an arrangement by which the government of Turkey channeled funds into a supposedly objective research institute in the United States, which in turn paid the salary of a historian who served that government in its campaign to discredit scholarship on the Armenian genocide. Three documents are reproduced in full, including a letter that Robert J. Lifton received from the Turkish Ambassador to the United States, and two documents that were inadvertently included with the Lifton letter—a memorandum to the Turkish Ambassador and a draft letter to Lifton for the Ambassador's signature. The article discusses the harmfulness of genocide denial, explores why intellectuals might engage in the denial of known genocides, and concludes with reflections on the relationship between scholars and truth.
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Holocaust and Genocide Studies
Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas
A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" (2001)
Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas recognized the significance of what at first glance seemed an inconspicuous or almost meaningless list of data under the letters B, T, S, and M--in a message sent by a Nazi official in Poland in early 1943 and decoded by British intelligence. Their document was an extremely condensed balance sheet, as of the end of 1942, of "Operation Reinhardt," the program for the mass murder of Polish Jews. For the first time, we have the totals kept by Nazi officials themselves of how many Jews were killed in each of the Operation Reinhardt camps during 1942. They show that Adolf Eichmann, despite postwar denials, had this information from the field, and that the information was almost certainly passed on via Eichmann, Himmler's statistician, and Himmler to Hitler himself.
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Human Reproduction
John Carroll and Roger G Gosden
Transplantation of frozen-thawed mouse primordial follicles (1993)
This study shows for the first time that it is possible to restore fertility to sterile animals by transplantation of frozen-thawed primordial follicles. Genetic markers were used to confirm that the offspring arose from the transplanted cells and not from incomplete removal of host organs. This work was later extended to a sheep model chosen because the ovaries resemble those of humans. In recent years there has been intense investigation of the application of these methods for cancer patients who are frequently young and where although chemotherapy and radiotherapy results in loss of fertility, full remission is increasingly likely. To date at least three case reports describe pregnancies achieved following autologous ovarian transplantation in humans.
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Human Reproduction
Andre Van Steirteghem, Zsolt Nagy, Hubert Joris, Jiaen Liu, Catherine Staessen Johan Smitz, Arjoko Wisanto and Paul Devroey
High fertilization and implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1993)
This is the (highly cited) key study in a series of papers following the demonstration of better fertilization after intra-cytoplamic single sperm injection(ICSI) compared with subzonal insemination. It demonstrated the success of the technique in a consecutive series of 150 infertile couples who were not accepted for IVF because of insufficient motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate. The ICSI technique went on to change the face of infertility treatment allowing severely infertile men the chance to father children. The use of the technique has grown dramatically and in 2002 it overtook IVF itself ( 52% of all ART cycles in 2002 used ICSI compared with 49% in 2001:European IVF Monitoring Consortium, most recently available data).
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Human Rights Law Review
Tomasevski
Has the Right to Education a Future Within the United Nations? A Behind-the-Scenes Account by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education 1998-2004 (2005)
This article ponders over the future of human rights work within the United Nations on the basis of the author's six years of experience as the Special Rapporteur on the right to education of the Commission on Human Rights. This broadens the analysis to the factors shaping the work of the Commission on Human Rights that are not formally documented, and generates a series of questions concerning the Commission's recent past and uncertain future.
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IMA Journal of Mathematical Medicine and Biology
Ward JP, King JR
Mathematical modelling of avascular-tumour growth
This is the one paper that stands out as being the most heavily cited and the most recent of the eight most cited papers (since 1988 at least)
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Industrial and Corporate Change
Alfred D. Chandler Jr
Corporate Strategy, Structure and Control Methods in the United States During the 20th Century (1992)
It is a major contribution in the history and analysis of technologies and firms, in particular it analyses the contemporary structure of business organizations and the nature of organizational capabilities which underlay the competitiveness of US business firms in the 20th century.
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International Journal of Constitutional Law
Jurgen Habermas Intolerance and Discrimination (2003)
In this article, Prof. Habermas, a renowned legal philosopher, traces the evolution of tolerance, pointing the way to a new paradigm based on mutual acceptance of divergent world views. He holds out hope that a deeper understanding of tolerance will allow religions and democracy to co-exist and will ease the tension between competing values of multiculturalism and equality.
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International Journal of Epidemiology
Rose G.
Sick individuals and Sick Populations (1985)
Epidemiologists in the second half of the 20th century had tended to investigate individual-level risk factors for chronic diseases (such as cardiovascular disease and cancers) in adults. In this influential paper Geoffrey Rose argued that the determinants of the level of disease in a population (i.e. incidence) might be different from the determinants of who within a population develops a disease (i.e. incidents). In terms of population health the important factors to identify are the determinants of incidence, and to aim to reduce the risk within populations by targeting these determinants. The paper has been highly influential in the fields of public health and health promotion and its views have now become so widely known that it is hard to realise that when first proposed these were novel and controversial ideas.
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International Journal of Public Opinion Research
Lipset, Martin S.
Pacific Divide - American Exceptionalism – Japanese Uniqueness (1993)
Written by one of the most cited social scholars of our times, this article uses empirical data on opinions, values, and behaviors to compare two very distinct social and political systems - the USA and Japan.
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International Journal of Public Opinion Research
Mutz, Diana C
The Influence of Perceptions of Media Influence: Third Person Effects and the Public Expression of Opinions (1989)
Editorial to follow
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International Relations of the Asia Pacific
G.John Ikenberry
Power and Liberal Order: America's Postwar World Order in Transition (2005)
It lucidly reveals the emergingly visible self-contradiction of America’s Postwar World Order when facing the challenge of the 9/11, pointing to an alternative direction of America’s foreign policy.
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Journal of African Economies
Sachs, JD; Warner, AM
Sources of slow growth in African economies (1997)
Editorial to follow
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Journal of African Economies
Temple, J
Initial conditions, social capital and growth in Africa (1998)
Editorial to follow
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Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education
Mayer, C. & Wells, G.
Can the linguistic interdependence theory support a bilingual-bicultural model of literacy education for deaf students? (1996)
Surely the most frequently cited article ever published in JDSDE, this was a unanimous selection, and it is hard to overestimate its importance to the field of deaf education. It has had a much broader impact, however, from education to anthropology and from cultural studies to linguistics, garnering attention for its authors as well as for JDSDE and OUP. Mayer and Wells (1996) took up the long-standing issue of deaf children's difficulty in acquiring print literacy. While acknowledging the importance of natural sign languages to the development and education of deaf children, they showed that the claim that English literacy can be achieved without exposure to English in some form is untenable. Their balanced and well-reasoned counter-argument offered new directions for research and practice aimed at fostering literacy development in deaf children and helped to change the perceptions of educators, researchers, and parents of deaf children throughout the world.
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Journal of Economic Geography
Martin, R and Sunley P
Deconstructing clusters: chaotic concept or policy panacea? (2003)
Within just five years of its launch, the Journal of Economic Geography was ranked No 1 in Geography and No 3 in Economics by the ISI Social Sciences Citation Index. This unprecedented success has been built on some individual articles which have become extremely well known. Amongst these the paper by Martin and Sunley has achieved the greatest impact - being ranked by the ISI Essential Science Indicators within the the top 0.01% of all social science papers published in 2003. It is already a 'classic' paper on all standard indicators.
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Journal of Environmental Law
Ogus and Abbott Sanctions for Pollutions (2002)
Editorial to follow
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Journal of Environmental Law
Tromans EC
Waste Law - a Complete Mess? (2001)
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Journal of Financial Econometrics
Asger Lunde and Robert F. Engle Trades and Quotes: A Bivariate Point Process
Editorial to follow
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Journal of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences
Nancy J. Tomes
American Attitudes toward the Germ Theory of Disease:Phyllis Allen Richmond Revisited (1997)
Few works have had such a long and influential reign in the scholarly corpus of medical history as Phyllis Allen Richmond’s “American Attitudes toward the Germ Theory of Disease, 1860-1880”, which appeared in the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences in 1954. Her contention that American physicians were especially slow to accept the germ theory of disease has been repeated as fact in countless works of scholarship, and the original article is still frequently assigned in courses. Rarely has one short work had so great an impact on the historiography of a field. This essay by Nancy J. Tomes in the journal over 40 years later not only writes the history of this important topic, it also reviews the historiography of it at the same time. It is a complicated story, masterfully teased out.
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Jnl of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences
Michael Bliss Rewriting Medical History: Charles Best and the Banting and Best Myth (1993)
Bliss' book on the discovery of insulin won many awards, and the discovery itself is one of the great events in medical history in the 20th century. Bliss takes on the ways in which individual players in an event can consciously set out to write history to glorify themselves. This is a major issue in 20th century history of medicine--first, because most research involves multiple people, setting the stage for disputing claims and bitter feelings, and second, the actors are living so much longer than their predecessors--long enough to talk to historians and campaign in the press. All of this enormously complicates the historian's task, and Bliss' brief paper both exemplifies the problem and offers one elegant example of how to handle it.
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Journal of International Criminal Justice
G.P. Fletcher Parochial versus Universal Criminal Law (2005)
This paper was chosen because of its great originality and breadth of vision. It is elegantly argued and of interest not only to the field but also to the broader academic community that Oxford Journals serves.
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Journal of Molluscan Studies
Kohn, A.J., Nishi, M. & Pernet, B. Snail spears and scimitars: a character analysis of Conus radular teeth (1999)
This is a series of superb SEM photographs of the highly modified radular teeth of predatory cone snails, adapted to function as hypodermic needles for injecting venom into worms and fish. Very accessible to the non-malacologist
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Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Bernard Fisher, Joseph P. Costantino, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Carol K. Redmond, Maureen Kavanah, Walter M. Cronin, Victor Vogel, André Robidoux, Nikolay Dimitrov, James Atkins, Mary Daly, Samuel Wieand, Elizabeth Tan-Chiu, Leslie Ford, and Norman Wolmark
Tamoxifen for Prevention of Breast Cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study (1998)
This study showed that Tamoxifen prevents breast cancer in women so that, for the first time, women at high risk of the disease could take a drug that reduced their risk. In addition, in showing that "occult pathologic aberrations could be altered so that they fail to become clinically detectable," as the authors wrote in a 2005 follow-up article in the JNCI, the study provided the rationale for all future clinical chemoprevention studies. The study represents the first time in medical history that a chemopreventive agent was definitively proven able to prevent a common human cancer.
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Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Patrick Therasse, Susan G. Arbuck, Elizabeth A. Eisenhauer, Jantien Wanders, Richard S. Kaplan, Larry Rubinstein, Jaap Verweij, Martine Van Glabbeke, Allan T. van Oosterom, Michaele C. Christian, and Steve G. Gwyther
New Guidelines to Evaluate the Response to Treatment in Solid Tumors (2000)
RECIST provided new guidelines for evaluating tumor response to treatment. In enabling tumor response to be measured in a consistent way, the RECIST criteria have ensured the comparability of measurements of response across treatments and also across trials, an advance that is of great importance in the development and evaluation of new treatments. The new criteria were simpler to use than the old assessment methods and could be applied in more clinical situations, as when only one dimension of a tumor was clearly measurable. The RECIST measurement criteria have now become the standard means of assessing solid tumor responses
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Journal of Pediatric Psychology
Holmbeck, G. N. Post-hoc probing of significant moderational and mediational effects in studies of pediatric populations (2002)
Testing models that include mediational and moderational effects is of great interest to pediatric psychologists. This user-friendly paper reviews conceptual and statistical issues relevant to testing such effects in research on children with pediatric conditions. Specifically, the manuscript focuses on how to determine the conceptual meaning of significant statistical effects with post-hoc probing techniques
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Journal of Petrology
McKenzie D, Bickle MJ
The Volume and Composition of Melt Generated by Extension of the Lithosphere (1988)
Number of Citations: 1098. McKenzie & Bickle (1988) was one of the first real pieces of collaborative research between a petrologist (Bickle) and a geophysicist (McKenzie) aimed at understanding why magmas are generated from the Earth's upper mantle. It remains widely cited to this day and represents a paradigm shift in thinking)
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Journal of Petrology
H. S. Yoder, JR. and C. E. Tilley
Origin of Basalt Magmas: An Experimental Study of Natural and Synthetic Rock Systems (1962)
This is a classic paper in the field of experimental petrology from the early days of the Journal (pre-plate tectonics) - sadly rarely read or cited these days. It represented a revolution in thinking at the time and the implications of this work are still as sound (and profound) as they were over 40 years ago. More people should read this! Number of Citations: 1240
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Journal of Plankton Research
Cushing DH
A difference in structure between ecosystems in strongly stratified waters and in those that are only weakly stratified (1989)
One of JPR’s top cited papers and written by the founder of the journal. It is one of the top 10 most cited articles of the journal, and is considered visionary
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Journal of Refugee Studies
Roger Zetter Labelling Refugees: Forming and Transforming an Identity (1991) This paper in the first analysis is a contribution to the literature on an important component of the world’s population: those forced from their homes because it is no longer safe or even possible to remain. What happens when access to food, shelter, and protection is dependent on becoming a client of some agency which
must define you as a member of a distinctive group in need of assistance? But ‘labelling’, Zetter contends, is an inescapable part of policy making. It emerges from the bureaucratic drive to deal in categories rather than with individuals, and is a universal phenomenon. But differentiations made to prioritize immediate needs become bureaucratic labels that carry enormous symbolic importance. Zetter traces the power of such differentiations in the formation of self-identities, minority statuses, and ultimately political constituencies with their own demands and expectations. His fine-grained analysis of empirical data on Greek Cypriots forced from their homes by the Turkish invasion of 1974 is an exemplary demonstration of how labels become ‘a potent tool of prescription and differentiation’ unforeseen in the initial premises that created them.
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Journal of Semantics
Reinhard Blutner
Some Aspects of Optimality in Natural Language Interpretation (2000) In a series of papers, Petra Hendriks, Helen de Hoop, and Henriette de Swart have applied optimality theory (OT) to semantics, arguing that there is a fundamental difference between the form of OT as used in syntax on the one hand, and its form as used in semantics on the other hand. In the first case, OT takes the point of view of the speaker, in the second case the point of view of the hearer is taken. Blutner’s paper argues that the proper treatment of OT in natural language interpretation has to take both perspectives at the same time. A conceptual framework is established that realizes the integration of both perspectives. It is argued that this framework captures the essence of the Gricean maxims and gives a precise explication of Atlas & Levinson's (1981) idea of balancing between informativeness and efficiency in natural language processing. Applying optimality theory to semantics and pragmatics represents a breakthrough in the formalisation of pragmatic reasoning.
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Journal of Semantics
Rob A. Van Der Sandt
Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution (1992)
Van der Sandt's paper presents a new theory of presupposition, which has developed into one of the main frameworks for dealing with presupposition and related phenomena. It is argued that presuppositional expressions should not be seen as referring expressions, nor is presupposition to be explicated in terms of some non-standard logic. The notion of presupposition should not be relegated to a pragmatic theory either. Instead presuppositional expressions are claimed to be anaphoric expressions which have internal structure and semantic content. In fact they only differ from pronouns and other semantically less loaded anaphors in that they have more descriptive content. It is this fact which enables them to create an antecedent in case discourse does not provide one. If their capacity to accommodate is taken into account, they can be treated by basically the same mechanism which handles the resolution of pronouns. The theory is elaborated in the framework of discourse representation theory. The resulting account can neither be classified as wholly semantic nor wholly pragmatic.
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Literature and Theology
John Barton
Reading the Bible as Literature (1987)
Though now quite old, this piece has become something of a benchmark essay in the subject, widely read and used. It was influential in its day in articulating literary approaches to the Bible, and did so in an academically sound manner that has stood the test of time.
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Literature and Theology
Jeffrey Einboden
The Genesis of Weltliteratur (2005)
This essay neatly captures the direction which the study of literature and religion has recently taken: towards a more plural understanding both of the cultural expression we call literature, and of the highly productive confrontation between religious traditions. It also raises critical questions about the labels we employ, particularly “West” and “East”, and makes the discussion of 18th and 19th century European encounters with extra-biblical scripture especially relevant to our present postcolonial, globalised, and war-torn world.
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Mind
A. M. Turing
I.—Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Turing hovered in 1949 between many other topics new and old. Out of this confused era arose, however, the most lucid and far-reaching expression of his philosophy in the paper ‘Computing machinery and intelligence’ (Mind, 59, 1950, 433–60). This, besides summarizing his view that the operation of the brain could be captured by a Turing machine and hence by a computer, also absorbed his first-hand experience with machinery. The wit and drama of the ‘Turing test’ has proved a lasting stimulus to later thinkers, and a classic contribution to the philosophy and practice of artificial intelligence. At the same time, in 1950, there emerged a clear direction for new thought: as Turing settled in Manchester, with a house at outlying Wilmslow, he had a fresh field in view—the mathematical theory of morphogenesis, the theory of growth and form in biology.
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Molecular Biology and Evolution
Saitou N, Nei M.
The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees (1987)
With 13,053 citations, the Neighbor-Joining method is our number one. The method itself is still in 2006 the subject of basic mathematical research
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Mutagenesis
Shadley JD, Wolff S.
Very low doses of X-rays can cause human lymphocytes to become less susceptible to ionizing radiation (1987)
Editorial to follow
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Mutagenesis
Hartmann A, Plappert U, Raddatz K, Grunert-Fuchs M, Speit G.
Does physical activity induce DNA damage? (1994)
Editorial to follow
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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Gérard M. London, Alain P. Guérin, Sylvain J. Marchais, Fabien Métivier, Bruno Pannier, and Hasan Adda
Arterial media calcification in end-stage renal disease: impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (2003)
Editorial to follow
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Notes and Queries
H. Leslie Rogers
The Battle of Maldon: David Casley's Transcript (1985)
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Notes and Queries
Archie Burnett
'A Limerick by A. E. Housman' (1999)
A. E. Housman's limerick is in two ways typical of what Notes and Queries hopes to achieve: it is a piece of verse by a scholar-poet of distinction, and it had not been published previously. Verse, letters, and other writings by authors well known and less well known are among items the editors of the journal gladly accept for publication. There is a third stratum of interest, of significance even, and this probably led Housman to write the limerick: the improbability of English spelling, especially of names, the impossibility of reconciling the spelling to the sound of the name. Notes and Queries often publish contributions on the linguistics of English, though they are not always as unpompous and witty as Housman's limerick.
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Nucleic Acids Research
SF Altschul, TL Madden, AA Schaffer, J Zhang, Z Zhang, W Miller, and DJ Lipman.
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs (1997)
The original BLAST program is probably the most widely used tool for searching protein and DNA databases for sequence similarities. In this paper, Altschul et al. describe improved versions of BLAST that substantially decrease the execution time of the BLAST program while enhancing the sensitivity to weak similarities. PSI-BLAST (Position-Specific Iterated BLAST) incorporates a routine that automatically generates a position-specific score matrix that is used for searching and is much more sensitive to weak, but biologically relevant sequence similarities.
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Occupational Medicine
G. Waddell and A. K. Burton
Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work: evidence review (2001)
Editorial to follow
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Philosophia Mathematica
Jane, Ignacio
Reflections on Skolem's Relativity of Set-Theoretical Concepts (2001)
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Political Analysis
Martin, Andrew D. and Kevin M. Quinn
Dynamic Ideal Point Estimation via Markov Chain Monte Carlo for the US. Supreme Court, 1953-1999 (2002)
Martin & Quinn address a crucial question - the estimation of policy preferences of political elites. Many theories in political science can’t be tested without knowledge of the policy preferences of decision-makers. Martin & Quinns' technique allows scholars to explore how an individual justice's preferences change over time as well as how justices differ from one another at a given point in time. This method could be applied to a range of political actors at various levels of the courts and legislators at the state and national level. Although the article was published recently, it has already had an impact on others’ work: with a total of 27 citations, it is the second most cited article in the journal’s history. Because of the broad interest in this article and the high citation counts, it will continue to be influential for years to come.
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Political Analysis
David W. Nickerson
Scalable Protocols Offer Efficient Design for Field Experiments (2005)
This article will have a significant impact on field experimentation. It outlines a way of designing protocols that are scalable to respond to contingencies in the field, providing both inferential and practical benefits. The article has been in print for less than a year, so a citation count cannot provide a measure of its importance. An indicator of its quality is that it was awarded the Warren E. Miller prize for the best paper published by Political Analysis in 2005. It warrants inclusion as one the 100 best for three reasons. First, it applies broadly to scholars of social research in all areas. Second, it explains the trade-offs from making different choices in the design of field experiments, thereby allowing scholars to consider the best approach for them. Finally, it provides a unique approach to help researchers design cost-effective field experiments. Nickerson addresses both the scholarly and practical concerns of field experimenters, and in doing so is likely to draw additional scholars to this important research approach.
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Quarterly Jnl of Mechanics & Applied Mathematics
S. Goldstein
On laminar boundary-layer growth near a position of separation (1948)
Editorial to follow
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Quarterly Jnl of Mechanics & Applied Mathematics
K. Stewartson
On the impulsive motion of a flat plate in a viscous fluid (1973)
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Refugee Survey Quarterly
Marjoleine Zieck
Voluntary repatriation: Paradigm, Pitfalls, Progress (2004) Editorial to follow
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Refugee Survey Quarterly
B.S. Chimni
From Resettlement to Involuntary Repatriation: Toward a Critical History of Durable Solutions to Refugee Problems (2004)
Editorial to follow
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Review of Financial Studies
Lo and Mackinlay
Stock Market Prices do not Follow Random Walks: Evidence from a Simple Specification Test (1988)
This paper helped to launch the RFS. It is very difficult for a new journal to gain recognition as a premier outlet within any field, and even more difficult for it to do so almost instantaneously. The RFS is one of the few journals ever to make this leap from its very first issue. This is one of the most cited articles in all of finance, with Google scholar pegging the current number at 622!
This paper also helped to usher in the field of behavioural finance. Prior to Lo and Mackinlay’s study academic finance generally held to the viewpoint that markets were efficient (i.e. one could not earn above market profits by attempting to select individual stocks) and that as a result stock prices followed a random walk. This paper provided the first conclusive proof that at least the second half of that statement was wrong, and thus likely so was the first half. Today behavioural finance is one of the “hottest” research areas among academics and practitioners. Every person in this field can, one way or another, trace their work back to the Lo and Mackinlay study.
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Review of Financial Studies
Berk
A Critique of Size-Related Anomalies (1995)
Very few papers change the way a profession views its own evidence. This paper can be likened to the effect of a volcano in a forest of paper trees. An entire area of financial research was changed forever. It had long been established that small capitalization stocks yielded investors higher risk adjusted returns than their large capitalization counterparts. Berk’s paper made a very simple point. A stock’s value is a function of both its future cash flows and the discount rate. Now imagine for a second that all stocks have identical expected future cash flows but vary in their discount rate. Then small capitalization stocks will be those with high discount rates, and large capitalization stocks those with low discount rates. If in this world the econometrician misestimates the discount rates then it will appear that small capitalization stocks generate abnormally high returns and large capitalization stocks abnormally low returns. Berk’s insight truly changed the way academics viewed the evidence produced within the asset pricing literature.
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Rheumatology
Lindroth Y, Bauman A, Barnes C et al
A controlled evaluation of arthritis education (1989)
Editorial to follow
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Rheumatology
Corbett M, Dalton S, Young A et al
Factors predicting death, survival and functional outcome in a prospective study of early rheumatoid disease over fifteen years (1993)
Editorial to follow
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Socio-Economic Review
Hicks, Alexander and Kenworthy, Lane
Varieties of welfare capitalism (2003)
Esping-Andersen's threefold typology of welfare states has been enormously influential since its publication in 1990. Hicks and Kenworthy undertake an eighteen country analysis and show that by 2000, one can identify in reality only two major types of welfare state: a progressive liberal and social conservative type. In his reply, published in the same issue of the SER, Esping-Andersen welcomes Hicks and Kenworthy's focus on policy dimensions for classifying welfare states, and accepts their simpler typology. However, he also stresses the value of their distinction between progressive liberal and traditional conservative policy orientations.
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Social Science Japan Journal
Karen Nakamura
Resistance and Co-optation: the Japanese Federation of the Deaf and its Relations with State Power
Editorial to follow
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Social Science Japan Journal
Peter Hill
Heisei Yakuza: Burst Bubble and Botaiho (2003)
Editorial to follow
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Toxicological Sciences
Warheit et al.
Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats (2004)
Editorial to follow
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Toxicological Sciences
Lam et al.
Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation (2004)
Editorial to follow
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