GUIDE TO AUTHORS OF ARTICLES, NOTES AND DOCUMENTS

1. Submission of Articles and Notes and Documents
   Two copies of the typescript in hard copy should be submitted to the Editor, Professor G. W. Bernard, The English Historical Review, Faculty of History, The Old Boys' High School, George Street, Oxford OX1 2RL.
   
   Word limits: Articles should not normally exceed 15,000 words; Notes and Documents not more than 7,500 words.
   
   
2. Preparation of manuscripts
   Authors should submit carefully checked typesescripts following instructions below and conforming to the general principles laid out in The Oxford Style Manual.
   
   Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced on A4 paper (21 x 29.7 cm) with a 3 cm margin all round and in point 12 font (not smaller). Tables, maps and photographs should be provided separately but with their position within the text indicated appropriately. Pages should be numbered consecutively throughout in the right-hand corner. When articles are first submitted for consideration, authors should not include their names within the text. When articles that have been accepted for publication are submitted in final form, the name and contact address of the author (or principal author if there is more than one) should be given in the top right-hand corner of the first page. At the end of the article, but before any appendix, the name of the author(s) should be given in small capitals on the right and the affliliation(s) of the author(s) on the left: either the university or college (but not department) or city/town/village of residence, with the country, if not UK, in italics. If there is more than one author, each name should be on a new line.
   
3. Article titles should be kept brief but informative. They should give some indication of the period that they deal with (e.g. by date, given in full without truncation, or by conventional references, e.g. 'First World War', 'Tudor England'). Sub-headings are not used in the text of articles. A single line-space may, however, be used between sub-sections.
   
   Articles and Notes submitted for consideration should, if possible, have references presented as footnotes at the bottom of each page. If end-notes are used, the first end-note should begin at the top of a new page (and not following on immediately after the end of the main text).
   
   Quotations within the text should be in single quotation marks: double quotation marks are used for quotations within quotations). New Hart’s Rules should be followed for the location of the full stop at the end of a quotation. Quotations of more than fifty words long should be indented (no quotation marks are then required): these will be typeset in a smaller font. Words to appear in italic should be given in italic or underlined. Single words and short phrases in foreign languages should be in italic but quotations in foreign languages should not. Foreign institutions should be in roman.
4. Marks of omission are shown by three dots separated by fixed spaces. Parentheses within parentheses are usually round within round. Letters or words inserted into a damaged manuscript should be included within [square brackets].
   
   UK spelling should be used: -isi, -ise, -isa: realise, realised, etc., not realize.
   
   The Concise Oxford Dictionary should be consulted for prefixes that require or do not require hyphenation. Hyphens are not used for all ‘sub’ words: e.g. subtitle. Prehistory is not hyphenated but pre-war is. Early or late as descriptions of centuries are not followed by hyphens, but mid is. Numbered centuries are hyphenated if used adjectivally. Hyphens are used in subject-matter, case-studies, proof-read, build-up, take-over, long-term and short-term when used adjectivally, co-operation, re-create. Adjectival hyphens should be used if the first part of a phrase cannot stand alone (Austro-Hungarian).
   
5. Dates are given in the form 7 October 2007 without the use of dots, commas or st/nd/rd/th (but in footnotes months other than May, June and July are abbreviated). Dates are truncated, except for the teens and years ending in 0 (e.g. 1860-69, 1816-17 but 1840-2). Old-style dating requires the oblique slash as does a single event that stretched over two or more years. Decades are given without an apostrophe: 1630s. No apostrophe is used in The Thirty Years War. Commas are used as separators in numbers (e.g. 1,000) (but not in years or in call numbers of manuscripts). Commas are not used after moreover, further, thus or yet when these begin a sentence. ‘However,’ is not a conjunction and should not be used at the beginning of a sentence.
   
6. In general commas are used sparingly. The Oxford comma is not used. Commas come before i.e. and e.g. but not after. Commas are not used before parenthetical information. Dots are used in Ph.D., D.Phil., e.g., rev., i.e. but not in Dr, Mr, Mrs, nor in abbreviations or acronyms of places, journals, societies, institutions or offices - USA, JP, MP, EHR, TNA, BL, RHS though unfamiliar acronyms should be used sparingly in the main text. Unfamiliar acronyms should be defined in full at the first mention in the text.
   
   Initial capitals should be used for British institutions or foreign institutions rendered in English. Offices and office-holders are usually given initial capitals, as are the names of political parties (but not the word party itself, unless it stands alone). Royal and noble titles should generally be given in lower case except when preceding a name: King Henry VIII, but Henry, king of England; Earl George, but George Talbot, fifth earl of Shrewsbury. Lord is usually given initial capitals: William, Lord Hastings. Religions and political parties are given initial capitals if nouns, no capitals if adjectival, e.g. Puritans, Protestants, Catholics, Conservatives, Communists. German nouns must be given initial capitals; French nouns must be in lower case.
   
7. Numbers below 100 should be spelled out. Numbered centuries should be spelled out. Arabic numerals should be used for numbers below 100, ages, dates, and for statistics if there are more than two numbers in the sequence. In percentages, Arabic numerals are used, followed by ‘per cent’.
   
   Use among, not amongst; while, not whilst; between xxx and yyy; data always followed by a plural verb; c. in italic; [sic] in italic with no full point.
8. References: In footnotes/endnotes the following conventions are employed. Acknowledgments should be made in the first footnote, not numbered but indicated by an asterisk after the last word of the title of the article.: iI In the footnotes the asterisked note comes first, with no space between the asterisk and the first word of the text in the note. If there are no acknowledgements then the first footnote begins with 1, not an asterisk. Footnotes are numbered sequentially from 1 in arabic numerals thereafter. Authors and editors of modern historical works are referred to by initials and surnames only. No spaces are left between initials, but a space is inserted between the last initial and the surname; a comma follows the surname. Academic or honorific titles are not given. If more than one work by the same author is being listed, use idem. or eadem. in roman. Then, between brackets, the place of publication should be given (but not the name of the publisher). The place of publication should be preceded by details of the edition cited if this is not the first edition and by the total number of volumes if this is a multi-volume work. The date of publication should follow (e.g. 3rd edn., 2 vols., London, 1986). A comma should follow the bracket, followed by the page referred to or the pages referred to if there is more than one.
   
9. When a page and footnote are cited, use the forms 186 n.23 or 186 nn.23-7. If numbered documents are cited, use no. lxx or nos. lxx-lxxii. We currently do not use p. or pp. but just the page number(s). Note that books sometimes have two sets of pagination: in arabic for the bulk of the book, in roman for the preface and introduction. References to pages in roman numerals should be given in lower case roman. The abbreviations fo. fos. pt. pts. p. pp. ed. eds. edn. vol. vols. are used followed by a point. A full stop should come after the page or folio number(s) in the final reference in a note; a semi colon if there are more references in the note. Early printed books should be cited by signatures and folios. It is helpful to give the Revised Short Title Catalogue number of such works.
   
10. Medieval and early modern authors, as well as authors of literary texts, are referred to by their full name, following convention. Titles of books are italicised, as are the titles of journals. The initial letters of significant words in the titles of books and journals are capitalised. For books, the location of the publisher is given, followed by the year of publication: the name of the publisher is not given. Volume numbers of journals are given in lower case roman numerals: these are followed by the year of publication. Individual issue numbers and month of publication are given only when it is not possible to follow the standard convention.
    
11. For collections of essays assembled by modern scholars the name(s) of the editor(s) come before the title of the book. For editions of texts, the name of the author should come before the title, followed by the names of his or her modern editor(s). For compilations of sources the name(s) of the editor(s) should come before the title. If a book is part of a series, the name of the series should not be italicised: the number of the volume should be given in lower case roman, or in upper case roman if the volume number is part of the title. Volume numbers should not be italicised. The abbreviations ed. and eds. should not be put in parentheses.
    
12. If books and articles are referred to more than once in the notes, subsequent references should be given in abbreviated form: surnames of author(s)/editor(s) and a shortened title of the book or article. ‘Ibid.’ may be used if the same book or article has been cited in the immediately preceding note, but op. cit., art. cit., and loc. cit. should be avoided. Titles of journals are not abbreviated.
    
    References to past volumes of the English Historical Review should be given in the form ante, followed by the volume and year, or supra and infra for references within the current volume.
    
    Theses are referred to in the form: Univ. of Oxford D. Phil. thesis, 1988; Univ. of Southampton Ph.D. thesis, 2005.
    
13. EXAMPLES:
    
    
    Book:
    
    G.W. Bernard, War, Taxation and Rebellion in Early Tudor England: Henry VIII, Wolsey and the Amicable Grant of 1525 (Brighton, 1986), p. 45.
    
    and in abbreviated form
    
    Bernard, War, Taxation and Rebellion, p. 67.
    
    
    
    Early printed book:
    
    Edward Hall, Chronicle (1548), sig. A ivv
    
    and then
    
    Hall, Chronicle, sig. B v.
    
    
    
    Collection of essays:
    
    G.W. Bernard, 'The fall of Sir Thomas Seymour', in G.W. Bernard, ed., The Tudor Nobility (Manchester, 1992), pp. 201-40.
    
    and then
    
    Bernard, ‘The fall of Sir Thomas Seymour’, p. 233
    
    
    Articles in journals:
    
    M. Conway, 'Building the Christian City: Catholics and Politics in Inter-War Francophone Belgium', Past and Present, cxxviii (1990), pp. 117-151.
    
    and then
    
    Conway, ‘Building the Christian City’, p. 143.
    
    
    
    Editions of texts:
    
    Polydore Vergil, Anglica Historia, ed. D. Hay, Camden Society, 3rd series, lxxiv (1950), p. 63.
    
    
    
    
14. Compilations of documents:
    
    
    J.S. Brewer, R.H. Brodie and J. Gairdner, eds., Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII (23 vols. in 38, 1862-1932), IV ii. 1245; V 125.
    
    If this is to be cited frequently, indicate abbreviations thus:
    
    J.S. Brewer, R.H. Brodie and J. Gairdner, eds., L[etters and] P[apers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII] (23 vols. in 38, 1862-1932), IV ii. 1245; V 125.
    
    and then cite as
    
    LP, IV ii. 1245; V 125.
    
    Some collected works have had so many different editors that it is more straightforward not to name any and simply cite thus:
    
    C[alendar of] S[tate] P[aper]s, Spanish (13 vols. in 20, 1862-1954), V ii. no. 13, pp. 26-9.
    
    Cal. S.P., Spanish, V ii. no. 13, pp. 26-9.
    
15. 
    If repeated citations are being made of the same contemporary source then it may be easier to put abbreviated references in brackets in the main text after each citation, rather than using footnotes: e.g. after giving full references in a footnote, John Foxe, Acts and Monuments, ed. J. Pratt, (8 vols., London, 1877), the form (A & M, v. 45) or (v. 45) may be used in the text. References to line numbers of poems may be given in the same way.
    
    If the microfilm or online version of a book or article is cited it is not necessary to indicate that. Web addresses and the date on which they were accessed should be given only when material cannot be accessed elsewhere.
    
    References to archives should be given in full on the first citation and then in abbreviated form. British archives should be cited by their names: in the case of foreign archives, the city or town in which they are located should come first.
    
16. T[he] N[ational] A[rchives], P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice], SP1/150 fo. 65.
    TNA, PRO, SP1/150 fo. 65.
    
    B[ritish] L[ibrary], Cotton MS, Caligula B i fo. 40
    BL, Cotton MS, Caligula B I fo. 40
    
    H[ampshire] R[ecord] O[ffice]
    HRO
    
    Paris, B[ibliotheque] N[ationale],
    Paris, BN
    
    Vienna, H[aus-,] H[of und] S[taats]A[rchiv],
    Vienna, HHSA,
    
    Newspapers should be cited in the form: The Times, 16 Apr. 1837, with page references if possible.
    
    Hansard[’s Parliamentary Debates], xxiv. 971-6.
    
17. 
    Licence to Publish
    Authors submitting manuscripts do so on the understanding that the work has not been published previously and, should it be accepted for publication, that the author(s) obtain the necessary permission to use material already protected by copyright. It is a condition of publication in the Journal that authors grant an exclusive licence to Oxford University Press. This ensures that requests from third parties to reproduce articles are handled efficiently and consistently and will also allow the article to be as widely disseminated as possible. Licence to Publish forms will be forwarded to the author(s) following acceptance of the typescript for publication. Alternatively, to download a copy of the licence to publish form, please click here.
    
    
18. Proofs and offprints
    Authors will be expected to check the page proofs and return them to the Articles Editor within two weeks of receipt. Authors will receive a complimentary copy of the issue in which their contribution is published, plus twenty-five free offprints and free online access to their paper. To download a copy of the offprint form, please click here.
19. Author Self-Archiving/Public Access policy
    For information about this journal's policy, please visit our Author Self-Archiving policy page