Preparation of Manuscript

Articles should be between 5,000 and 10,000 words in length, or between 1,500 and 5,000 words if submitted for the ‘Notes from the Field’ section. Book reviews should be 400 to 650 words.

Pages should be numbered sequentially and submitted in Word format, in Arial, 11-point font and double-spaced. There should only be one hard return after paragraphs. The first line of each paragraph should be indented, except those immediately following section headers.

The manuscript must be properly blinded. There should be nothing in the main document that would identify the author, including references to previous research or publications. Where reference is made to a submitting author’s previous work, footnote details should be blacked out with ‘XXXXX’. These can be filled in at a later time after review.

The cover page should be submitted as a separate document and should include the article title, author name and affiliation. An abstract of not more than 200 words should be included on a separate sheet, followed by a maximum of five keywords for the article.

All manuscripts must be original and not under consideration with another publication or in another form, such as a chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Furthermore, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in IJTJ, unless they receive approval for doing so from IJTJ’s managing editor.

Tables

Tables, graphs and maps should be provided as separate attachments. Each table should have a brief descriptive title and a source.

Authors who wish to submit supplementary data in the form of lengthy tables, appendices, databases, etc., may do so on the online submissions Web site. For additional instructions please click here. These additional attachments will be housed with the online version of the article, which is accessible to subscribers from the Web site.

Language

Spelling: Either British or American spelling is acceptable as long as it is consistent throughout the article. The Oxford English Dictionary and the New Oxford American Dictionary are acceptable sources for spelling, as long as the author is consistent with his or her usage.

Style: IJTJ uses the Chicago Manual of Style.

Foreign slogans and other phrases that are not names should be italicized. unless they have been anglicized. For example: per se, coup.

Abbreviations:

• Close up initials in personal names and separate each letter with a period.
  F.W. de Klerk, P.D. James
• Do not use periods in professional degrees, which should have no space between letters.
  PhD, MA, DPhil, BSc
  
• Spell out all acronyms on the first reference and thereafter use large caps and no periods.
  African National Congress (ANC), thereafter: ANC
  Do not spell out USA, UK and UN on the first reference.
  
• Do not use apostrophes in the plural form of acronyms.
  MPs, PCBs, TCs
  
• Possessive forms of acronyms require an apostrophe.
  The UN’s data confirms that intervention is needed.
  
• Use i.e. and e.g. punctuated with periods and followed by commas within parentheses but ‘for example,’ in the text.

Quotations

Short quotations should be incorporated into the text and are not indented. A single inverted comma should be used at the beginning and end of the quote with double quotation marks used within the single if necessary.
For example: ‘“We have been wished away,” states one ex-combatant.’
(Note: there is no space between ’ and ”.)

Quotations over 30 words in length should be indented from both margins. Quotation marks should not be used for indented quotes.

In all cases, the original spelling and punctuation of the quotation should be reproduced exactly.

Periods and commas sit inside quotation marks.
For example: ‘Women’s silence can be recognized as meaningful.’

Colons and semicolons sit outside quotation marks.
For example: Williams described the experiment as ‘a definitive step forward’; other scientists disagreed.

Question and exclamation marks should sit outside quotation marks, unless they are part of the quotation.
For example: She asked, ‘Why are you so upset?’ OR Why was Farragut trembling when he said, ‘I’m here to open an inquiry’?

Punctuation

Punctuation points should be followed by a single space.

IJTJ does not use the serial comma.
For example: milk, cheese and oil

Ellipses: Ellipses should be set tight, with a letter spot preceding and following them.
For example: according to the … meeting

Use dashes in:
a) Compound adjectives when at least one of the elements is a two-word compound.
For example: pre-civil war period

b) To replace the word ‘to’ between capitalized names.
For example: Harare-Port Elizabeth flight

c) When elements of equal significance are joined in a more complex relationship than signified by ‘and’ or ‘or’.
For example: male-female relationship, student-teacher ratio

Colons:
a) The first word after a colon is lowercase when it begins a list.
For example: Most domestic farms focus on cash crops: corn, beans, wheat and tobacco.

b) The first word after a colon is lowercase when it begins a complete sentence.
For example: The strategies of corporatist industrial unionism have proven ineffective: compromises and concessions have left labor in a weakened position in the new economy.

c) If a colon introduces two or more sentences, the first word of each sentence is capitalized.

Hyphenation

In keeping with contemporary spelling practices, IJTJ follows a closed (no-hyphen) style as a general rule.

IJTJ does not hyphenate intergovernmental, nongovernmental, multinational, subsystem, subgroup, subsample, prewar, postconflict, turnout, postindustrial, semiskilled, crosstabulation, socioeconomic, psychosocial, etc.

IJTJ, furthermore, does not hyphenate policy maker, policy making, decision maker and decision making when used as nouns. It does hyphenate adjectival forms, such as ‘policy-making (decision-making) process.’

In general, hyphenate:
a) Fractions and numbers above nine and at the beginning of a sentence (see the ‘Numbers and Dates’ section below).
For example: two-thirds, one-half; Seventy-nine people

b) Measurements used as adjectives preceding a noun.
For example: a four-mile run, a 15-mL test tube

c) To avoid ambiguity.
For example: a canned meat-and-vegetable dish; a canned-meat and vegetable dish

d) Compounds, prefixes and suffixes (consistent with your dictionary usage).

Numbers and Dates

Numbers from one to nine should be written as words, unless they express a percent or are in a collection of numbers for comparison. Higher numbers should be written as numerals.
For example: 46 not forty-six, unless at the beginning of a sentence: Sixty-eight years ago.

Percentages: Always use figures for percentages. The word ‘percent’ is used instead of the symbol ‘%’.
For example: The group represents 80 percent of the population.

Centuries should be referred to as follows: 20th century, not twentieth century, unless at the beginning of a sentence. If in adjectival form, they should be hyphenated: 20th-century phenomenon.

Dates: Dates should always be written as ‘date month year.’
For example: 18 February 2003

Names and Terms

Use of capitals: The use of capital letters should be minimized except for proper names. Lowercase letters should be used generically for government, ministries, departments, prime ministers, presidents, summits, committees, commissions, courts, etc., unless used as a proper name, e.g., President Bush, the Ministry of Finance, the African Union, etc.

IJTJ capitalizes the first letter of specific transitional justice-related commissions and courts (ICC, ICTR, SCSL, etc.) on second mention.
For example: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was formed. The Commission began its work on January 1.

Citations

Avoid overreferencing. IJTJ aims to be a publication accessible to a range of audiences, both academic and practitioner.

Footnotes, not endnotes, are used. Footnotes should be used for both bibliographic and explanatory information and should be marked clearly in the text in numeric order after a point of punctuation and listed at the bottom of the relevant page.

Footnote indicators should be placed at the end of a sentence, immediately after the punctuation point or closing quotation mark (with no space). Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3 …) for all footnotes.
For example: Ross posits that gender is of significant concern to scholars in this field.⁷

In cases where one source is being cited for several references within a paragraph, number the reference only once at the end of the paragraph.

Use ibid for reference to the previous footnote. For subsequent references to the same publication (not immediately following one another) use: ‘Author surname, supra n X at Y’. The X represents the footnote number and the Y represents the page number.
For example:
²⁰Cilliers, supra n 17 at 65.
²¹Ibid., 67.

Page numbers should only be given for journal articles and direct quote references, not references to ideas within the cited publication. Page numbers are not necessary for book chapters.
The page numbers include all the numbers and are not abbreviated.
For example: 175-178

Citation Examples

Book

One author:
Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 65.

Two authors:
Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar, Primate Conservation Biology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 104–107.

Four or more authors:
Edward O. Laumann et al., The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual
Practices in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 262.

Editor, translator or compiler instead of author:
Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91-92.

Editor, translator or compiler in addition to author:
Yves Bonnefoy, New and Selected Poems, ed. John Naughton and Anthony
Rudolf (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 22.

Chapter or other part of a book:
Andrew Wiese, ‘“The House I Live In”: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States,’ in The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101-102.

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources):
Quintus Tullius Cicero, ‘Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship,’ in Rome: Late Republic and Principate, ed. Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White, vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John Boyer and Julius Kirshner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 35.

Preface, foreword, introduction or similar part of a book:
James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx-xxi.

Book published electronically:
Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed 27 June 2006).

Organization as author:
Human Rights Watch, A Human Rights Agenda for Nigeria’s 2007 Elections and Beyond (February 2007).

Article

Article in a print journal:
John Maynard Smith, ‘The Origin of Altruism,’ Nature 393 (1998): 639-670.
(Note: the starting and ending pages of the article are included unless the citation points to a quote on a specific page.)

Article in an online journal:
Mark A. Hlatky et al., ’Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial,’ Journal of the American Medical Association 287(5) (2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo.

Popular magazine article:
Steve Martin, ’Sports-Interview Shocker,’ New Yorker, 6 May 2002, 84.

Newspaper article:
Newspaper articles may be cited in running text (‘As William Niederkorn noted in a New York Times article on June 20, 2002, …’) instead of in a footnote. The following example shows a more formal version of the citation.
William S. Niederkorn, ’A Scholar Recants on His “Shakespeare” Discovery,’ New York Times, 20 June 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Other Print Sources

Book review:
James Gorman, ’Endangered Species,’ review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, 2 June 2002, 16.

Thesis or dissertation:
M. Amundin, ’Click Repetition Rate Patterns in Communicative Sounds from the Harbour Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena’ (PhD diss., Stockholm University, 1991), 22-29, 35.

Paper presented at a meeting or conference:
Brian Doyle, ’Howling Like Dogs: Metaphorical Language in Psalm 59’ (paper presented at the annual international meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, Berlin, Germany, 19-22 June 2002).

Conference proceedings:
‘The Phenomenon of Collaborators in Palestine: Proceedings of a Passia Workshop’ (Jerusalem: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, 2001).

Unpublished material:
‘The Role of Non-state Actors in Germany’s Foreign Policy of Reconciliation: Catalysts, Complements, Conduits or Competitors’ (unpublished manuscript, July 2002).

Legal material:
Hugh Jordan v. the United Kingdom, no. 24746/94, Eur. Ct. H. R., ECHR 2001-III [123-124].
(subsequent references to the same legal case should be cited as Hugh Jordan v. the United Kingdom, supra n X at [155])

Online Sources

Please limit the number of web citations in your submission to IJTJ. If a URL is included, simply insert it after a comma at the end of the citation and followed by a period. Do not include ‘< >’ or ‘available at’. Do state the access date as follows: (accessed 26 November 2007)

Web sites, weblogs and email messages may be cited in running text (‘On its Web site, the Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees states ...’) instead of in a footnote. The following examples show more formal versions of the citation.

Web sites:
Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, ’Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000-2010: A Decade of Outreach,’ Evanston Public Library, http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html (accessed 26 November 2007).

Weblog entry or comment:
Peter Pearson, comment on ’The New American Dilemma: Illegal Immigration,’ The Becker-Posner Blog, comment posted 6 March 2006, http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html#c080052.

Email message:
John Doe, email message to author, 31 October 2005.

Other

Personal interview:
Personal interview, John Smith, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1 January 2008.

International law:
It is not necessary to provide references for established international legal treaties such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), etc.

Regional instruments and other:
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, adopted 27 June 1981, entered into force 21 October 1986, reprinted in ILM 21 (1982) 59, art. 19(1).

Diane Orentlicher, Report of the Independent Expert to Update the Set of Principles to Combat Impunity, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/102 (18 February 2005), para. 9.

Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-conflict Societies, UN Doc. S/2004/616 (2004), xiv, para. 50 [hereinafter ‘Report of the Secretary-General’].

All references to law articles, sections, paragraphs, volumes, etc., should be written out in running text (‘Article 2 of the law states ...’) and abbreviated in footnotes, as in the examples above.